Mechanism That Regulates Cancer-causing Gene Discovered

Scientists have revealed how a cancer causing protein is regulated by reactive oxygen species -- a type of stress signal. Their findings provide new insight into how this protein normally behaves in human cells and may help in the design of drugs targeting specific cancers.
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Cancer Genomics Browser Gives Cancer Researchers A Powerful New Tool

A Cancer Genomics Browser provides a new way to visualize and analyze data from studies aimed at improving cancer treatment by unraveling the complex genetic roots of the disease.
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New Test May Predict Breast Cancer Metastasis

Researchers have identified a new marker for breast cancer metastasis called TMEM, for Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis. Density of TMEM was found to be associated with the development of distant organ metastasis via the bloodstream -- the most common cause of death from breast cancer.
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New Radiation-free Targeted Therapy Detects And Eliminates Breast Cancer Tumors In Mice

Combining a compound known as a gallium corrole with a protein carrier results in a targeted cancer therapy that is able to detect and eliminate tumors in mice with seemingly fewer side effects than other breast-cancer treatments, according to new research.
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Multiple Sclerosis Associated With Lower Cancer Risk

A new study shows that people with multiple sclerosis may be at a lower risk for cancer overall, but at a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as brain tumors and bladder cancer.
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New Discovery Raises Doubts About Current Bladder Treatment

Researchers have found that one of the genes commonly thought to promote the growth and spread of some types of cancers is in fact beneficial in bladder cancer -- a major discovery that could significantly alter the way bladder cancers are treated in the future.
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CT scans: Too much of a good thing can be risky

Patients who undergo numerous CT scans over their lifetime may be at increased risk for cancer, according to a study published in the April issue of Radiology.
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Ovarian Cancers Detected Early May Be Less Aggressive, Questioning Effectiveness Of Screening

The biology of ovarian cancers discovered at an early stage may render them slower growing and less likely to spread than more aggressive cancers, which typically are discovered in an advanced stage, according to a new study. This finding has implications for the question of whether screening for ovarian cancer could save lives.
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New Measurement Standard For Vitamin D May Lead To Better Bone Health

In a development that could help improve the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, rickets, and other bone-related diseases, government chemists are reporting major progress toward developing an accurate, reliable set of standards for measuring vitamin D levels in the blood.
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Eating Soy Early In Life May Reduce Breast Cancer Among Asian Women

Asian-American women who ate higher amounts of soy during childhood had a 58 percent reduced risk of breast cancer, according to a new study.
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Bioengineered Proteins: Trial Confirms New Way To Tackle Cancer

Re-engineering a protein that helps prevent tumors spreading and growing has created a potentially powerful therapy for people with many different types of cancer. In a new study, Canadian researchers modified the tumor inhibiting protein, von Hippel-Lindau, and demonstrated that it could suppress tumour growth in mice.
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World’s First Successful ViKY Robot-assisted Surgery For Pancreatic Tumors

Doctors performed the world's first successful minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy using the ViKY system's revolutionary robotic, compact laparoscope holder. The technology, developed in France and tested on thousands of patients in Europe, made its debut in a cancer setting in the United States at Fox Chase.
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Molecular Fingerprints Point The Way To Earlier Cancer Diagnosis And More Targeted Treatment

Metabolites are molecular fingerprints of what your cells are up to and researchers wants to know the impression made by cancer.
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What's Driving Specific Patterns Of Gene Expression Among Cell Types?

Providing another tool to help to understand gene regulation on a global scale, a nationwide research team has identified and mapped 55,000 enhancers, short regions of DNA that act to enhance or boost the expression of genes. The map will help scientists understand how cells control expression of genes specific to their particular cell type.
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Biopsy Of Recurrent Breast Cancer Can Alter Treatment

For women with recurrent breast cancer, the treatment the doctor chooses is usually based on the properties of their original breast cancer.
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New Anti-cancer Drug: 200 Times More Active In Killing Tumor Cells

A team of researchers from the US, Europe, Taiwan and Japan has engineered a new anti-cancer agent that is about 200 times more active in killing tumor cells than similar drugs used in recent clinical trials.
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Genetic Link To Blood Cancers Revealed

A new study has shown that susceptibility to a series of blood cancers, known as myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), is linked to a particular area of the patient's DNA, which is prone to developing mutations.
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Monoclonal Antibodies Primed To Become Potent Immune Weapons Against Cancer

New research suggests that monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer can be improved to be much more powerful than it is today.
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Alcohol-induced Flushing Is Risk Factor For Esophageal Cancer From Alcohol Consumption

There is growing evidence that people who experience facial flushing after drinking alcohol are at much higher risk of esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption than those who do not.
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Prostate Cancer: Update On Watchful Waiting Versus Radical Prostatectomy

In 2005, the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study 4 reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. New results after 3 more years of follow-up have now been reported.
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Pilgrims' Progress: Genetic Data From 1630s Backs Health Benefits Of Cancer Screening

Scientists who traced a genetic mutation for colon cancer back almost 370 years are now confirming that routine screening and education can prevent people with the mutated gene from developing cancer.
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Data suggesting that omacetaxine can eradicate leukemic stem cells may offer a breakthrough for CML

Data showing the ability of omacetaxine to kill leukemic stem cells in mouse models with drug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are the subject of an advance online publication in the journal Leukemia, ChemGenex Pharmaceuticals Limited (ASX:CXS and NASDAQ:CXSP) announced today. The findings of this study provide new insights into the problem of minimal residual disease and may open the door to the development of a curative treatment strategy for some patients with CML.
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Bioengineered proteins: Trial confirms new way to tackle cancer

Re-engineering a protein that helps prevent tumours spreading and growing has created a potentially powerful therapy for people with many different types of cancer. In a study published in the first issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Canadian researchers modified the tumour inhibiting protein, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), and demonstrated that it could suppress tumour growth in mice.
Full article >>

Scientists reveal mechanism that regulates cancer-causing gene

Two University of Rhode Island scientists have revealed how a cancer causing protein is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) -- a type of stress signal. Their findings provide new insight into how this protein normally behaves in human cells and may help in the design of drugs targeting specific cancers.
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New study suggests Rx estrogen delivery through the skin may show safety benefits as opposed to oral delivery

Transdermal delivery of estrogen therapy available by prescription "seems not to alter" the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), or blood clotting, in postmenopausal patients when compared to oral delivery, a new study suggests. The study was conducted by researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center and was published in the latest issue of Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society.
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Regulatory Molecule For Tumor Formation Or Suppression Identified

One of the small regulatory molecules, named microRNA-125b, is a novel regulator of p53, an important protein that safeguards cells against cancers, scientists report.
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Cancer Medication? Potential Tumor Suppressor Identified

The Myc-gene plays an important role in cell regulation; in about 50% of all tumors this gene is mutated. Scientists have shown that the gene BASP1 specifically inhibits the effect of this oncogene, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth which is typical for tumors.
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New Theoretical Model Of Tumor Growth And Metastasis Based On Differences In Tissue Pressure

A new article describes a theoretical model of tumor growth and metastasis based on differences in tissue pressure.
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Lab-on-a-chip Homes In On How Cancer Cells Break Free

Engineers have invented a method to help figure out how cancer cells break free from neighboring tissue, an "escape" that can spread the disease to other parts of the body.
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Vaccine To Prevent Colon Cancer Being Tested In Patients

Researchers have begun testing a vaccine that might be able to prevent colon cancer in people at high risk for developing the disease. If shown to be effective, it might spare patients the risk and inconvenience of repeated invasive surveillance tests, such as colonoscopy, that are now necessary to spot and remove precancerous polyps.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Risk Of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Omega-3 fatty acids appear protective against advanced prostate cancer, and this effect may be modified by a genetic variant in the COX-2 gene, according to a report in Clinical Cancer Research.
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Discovery May Result In New Test To Determine Predisposition To Cancer

Researchers have developed an assay that may be used to help identify new genes that can predict a predisposition to cancer.
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Licorice Compound Offers New Cancer Prevention Strategy

A chemical component of licorice may offer a new approach to preventing colorectal cancer without the adverse side effects of other preventive therapies, researchers report.
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Risk of aggressive breast cancer subtype three times higher for black women

Lifestyle, age and weight have all been considered as risk factors for breast cancer. Now a study published in the open access journal Breast Cancer Research has found that even taking these factors into consideration, black women face three times the risk of developing an aggressive 'triple negative tumour' compared to women of other racial backgrounds.
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Discovery may result in new test to determine predisposition to cancer

Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed an assay that may be used to help identify new genes that can predict a predisposition to cancer.
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New discovery raises doubts about current bladder treatment

Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have found that one of the genes commonly thought to promote the growth and spread of some types of cancers is in fact beneficial in bladder cancer - a major discovery that could significantly alter the way bladder cancers are treated in the future.
Full article >>

New drug agent knocks out multiple enzymes in cancer pathway

A team of 24 researchers from the U.S., Europe, Taiwan and Japan and led by University of Illinois scientists has engineered a new anti-cancer agent that is about 200 times more active in killing tumor cells than similar drugs used in recent clinical trials.
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Long-term effects of the Human Volunteer Programme at Porton Down

(PhysOrg.com) -- Oxford researchers have reported results from a study of death and cancer rates in military veterans who took part in the Ministry of Defence`s Human Volunteer Programme at Porton Down between 1941 and 1989.
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New Tumor Markers Determine Therapy Intensity

Characteristic changes in the DNA of medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor in childhood, indicate precisely how aggressively the tumor will continue to spread and what the chances of disease relapse are. Researchers have discovered this correlation. With this new set of tumor markers, the intensity of treatment can be adjusted individually and the potentially damaging effects reduced.
Full article >>

Lung Cancer: Molecular Scissors Determine Therapy Effectiveness

Metastasizing cancer cells use a kind of molecular scissors to cut a trail for the cancer when it invades surrounding tissue. Scientists have now shown that this cutting tool, called u-PAR, might be an indicator of therapy effectiveness in non-small cell lung cancer: the more u-PAR tumor cells produce, the less the anti-cancer drug cetuximab is effective.
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Eating Red And Processed Meat Associated With Increased Risk Of Death

Individuals who eat more red meat and processed meat appear to have a modestly increased risk of death from all causes and also from cancer or heart disease over a 10-year period, according to a new article. In contrast, a higher intake of white meat appeared to be associated with a slightly decreased risk for overall death and cancer death.
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Motor Proteins May Be Vehicles For Drug Delivery

Specialized motor proteins that transport cargo within cells could be turned into nanoscale machines for drug delivery, according to bioengineers. Chemical alteration of the proteins' function could also help inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors.
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Human Genes Required For Hepatitis C Viral Replication Identified

Researchers are investigating a new way to block reproduction of the hepatitis C virus -- targeting not the virus itself but the human genes the virus exploits in its life cycle. They report finding nearly 100 genes that support the replication of HCV and show that blocking several of them can suppress viral replication in cultured cells.
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Cancer Breakthrough: Tales Of 'Trojan Horse Drug' And 'Miracle Dogs'

Scientists are reporting promising results with a drug called nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) in battling cancer in dogs without any negative side effects. While it gives profound hope to dog owners, NO-Cbl also points to a powerful new cancer treatment for humans -- one that infiltrates cancer cells like a biological Trojan horse.
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Biological Clue In Brain Tumor Development

Scientists have uncovered a vital new biological clue that could lead to more effective treatments for a children's brain tumor that currently kills more than 60 percent of young sufferers.
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Human Adult Testes Cells Can Become Embryonic-like

Using what they say is a relatively simple method, scientists have extracted stem/progenitor cells from testes and have converted them back into pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells. Researchers say that the naïve cells are now potentially capable of morphing into any cell type that a body needs, from brain neurons to pancreatic tissue.
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PSA Screening Cuts Deaths By 20 Percent

Screening for prostate cancer can reduce deaths by 20 percent, according to the results of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. ERSPC is the world's largest prostate cancer screening study and provides robust, independently audited evidence, for the first time, of the effect of screening on prostate cancer mortality.
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No Early Mortality Benefit From Annual Prostate Cancer Screening, U.S. Study Shows

The prostate cancer screening tests that have become an annual ritual for many men don't appear to reduce deaths from the disease among those with a limited life-expectancy, according to early results of a major US study involving 75,000 men.
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Genetic Markers For Aggressive Head And Neck Cancer Identified

Scientists have identified genetic markers that signal poor outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer. These findings could one day lead to a genetic test that could help select or predict successful treatment options for patients with this type of cancer.
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Frankincense Oil -- A Wise Man's Remedy For Bladder Cancer

Originating from Africa, India and the Middle East, frankincense oil has been found to have many medicinal benefits. Now, an enriched extract of the Somalian Frankincense herb Boswellia carteri has been shown to kill off bladder cancer cells. New research demonstrates that this herb has the potential for an alternative therapy for bladder cancer.
Full article >>

The Notch Gene Accelerates Colon Carcinogenesis

Scientists recently discovered how the Notch gene is involved in the pathogenic process leading to colon cancer. The Notch and Wnt signaling pathways play an important role in normal gut development and homeostasis. In mice, abnormal activation of these two signaling pathways increases the number of benign tumors—adenomas in the intestine by a factor of over twenty compared with activation of the Wnt pathway alone.
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New data on cancer survival in Europe show more patients are cured

New data and analyses from a long-running study of cancer survival in Europe have shown that the number of people actually cured of cancer - rather than just surviving for at least five years after diagnosis - is rising steadily.
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Genetic changes outside nuclear DNA suspected to trigger more than half of all cancers

A buildup of chemical bonds on certain cancer-promoting genes, a process known as hypermethylation, is widely known to render cells cancerous by disrupting biological brakes on runaway growth. Now, Johns Hopkins scientists say the reverse process - demethylation - which wipes off those chemical bonds may also trigger more than half of all cancers.
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Ovarian cancers detected early may be less aggressive, questioning effectiveness of screening

The biology of ovarian cancers discovered at an early stage may render them slower growing and less likely to spread than more aggressive cancers, which typically are discovered in an advanced stage, according to a study led by investigators in the Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center. This finding has implications for the question of whether screening for ovarian cancer could save lives.
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Obesity Associated With Worse Outcomes After Pancreatic Cancer Surgery

Obese patients with a body mass index of more than 35 appear more likely to have cancer that has spread to their lymph nodes, lower rates of survival and higher rates of recurrence following surgery for pancreatic cancer, according to a new report.
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Link Between Religious Coping And Aggressive Treatment In Terminally Ill Cancer Patients

In a new study of terminally ill cancer patients, researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that those who draw on religion to cope with their illness are more likely to receive intensive, life-prolonging medical care as death approaches -- treatment that often entails a lower quality of life in patients' final days.
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Genetic Mechanism In Mole Rats Can Be Targeted In Cancer Research

Cellular mechanisms that subterranean mole rats have developed in order to survive the low levels of oxygen in their underground habitat are similar to the mechanisms used by tumors to survive and progress in humans. Based on a new study, the mole rat can represent the human tumor in research, and the gene targeted in mole rats can be targeted for development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Potential Target For Cancer, Wound Healing And Fibrosis Discovered

New research provides insights that may help scientists design novel approaches to control wound healing and fight diseases such as cancer and fibrosis.
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Alcohol-induced flushing is a risk factor for esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption

There is growing evidence, say researchers in this week's PLoS Medicine, that people who experience facial flushing after drinking alcohol are at much higher risk of esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption than those who do not.
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Tales of the 'Trojan horse drug' and the 'miracle dogs'

Diagnosed with an extremely aggressive form of cancer called anal sac adenocarcinoma, Oscar's future seemed bleak. Bedridden and unresponsive to chemotherapy or radiation, he would be lucky to survive three months. But thanks to an innovative new drug treatment, Oscar's cancer receded and he was walking again within two weeks.
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Cellular Discovery May Lead To Targeted Treatment For Rare Form Of Anemia

University of Cincinnati researchers have identified the specific biological mechanisms believed to lead to a rare and incurable blood disease known as Diamond Blackfan anemia. Scientists say with further investigation, their discoveries could result in drastic changes to current thinking about treatment for this disease and may lead to promising new drug therapies.
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Nanoscopic Probes Can Track Down And Attack Cancer Cells

A researcher has developed probes that can help pinpoint the location of tumors and might one day be able to directly attack cancer cells. The professor of agricultural and biological engineering developed the nanoscale, multi-functional probes, which have antibodies on board, to search out and attach to cancer cells.
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Acetaldehyde In Alcohol: 'Hangover Chemical' May Be Overlooked Risk Factor For Cancer

New evidence shows that drinking alcohol is the greatest risk factor for acetaldehyde-related cancer. Heavy drinkers may be at increased risk due to exposure from multiple sources. The research team also noted, that this risk is compounded by the addition of acetaldehyde exposure from different sources.
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New Measure For Malignancy Of Melanoma

A growth factor which promotes the formation of new blood vessels in a tumor indicates disease progression in malignant melanoma. Besides its effect on vascular wall cells, the growth factor also increases the malignant properties of the cancer cells themselves.
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Monoclonal antibodies primed to become potent immune weapons against cancer

New research suggests that monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer can be improved to be much more powerful than it is today, says a researcher at Georgetown University Medical Center's Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in the March 21 issue of the Lancet.
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Malnutrition risk underappreciated in laryngeal cancer patients

Almost half of all patients with cancer of the voice box (larynx) who receive radiotherapy treatment will experience malnutrition, according to new data presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology's Symposium on Cancer and Nutrition (Zurich, 20-21 March 2009).
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Prostate Cancer Screening: Weigh Risks, Benefits With Your Doctor

Finding and treating prostate cancer early may seem like a
no-brainer, but the issue is actually very complicated. New research highlights the need for ongoing conversations between men and their doctors.
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Small Molecules Block Cancer Gene

Finding molecules that block the activity of the oncogene Stat 3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) required screening literally millions of compounds, using computers that compared the structure of the cancer-causing gene to those of the small molecules.
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Folic Acid Supplements Linked To Higher Risk Of Prostate Cancer, Study Shows

Men who took a daily folic acid supplement of 1 mg daily had more than twice the risk of prostate cancer compared with men who took a placebo.
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Fishing For Microdeletions That Predispose An Embryo To Develop Cancer Syndromes In Later Life

Researchers have used a common laboratory technique for the first time to detect genetic changes in embryos that could predispose the resulting children to develop certain cancer syndromes. Current preimplantation genetic diagnosis techniques can detect mutations in very small bits of genes or DNA, but, until now, it wasn't easy to detect deletions involving whole genes or long sections of DNA in embryos.
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Goodbye Needle, Hello Smoothie: New Generation Oral Vaccine Uses Dairy Probiotics To Protect Against Disease

Instead of a shot, someday getting vaccinated against disease may be as pleasant as drinking a yogurt smoothie. A researcher has developed a new oral vaccine using probiotics, the healthy bacteria in dairy products. He has successfully used the vaccine to create immunity to anthrax. He also is developing a breast cancer vaccine using probiotics and vaccines for various infectious diseases. Delivering the vaccine to the gut produces the most robust immune response.
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Studies don't end prostate cancer test controversy

(AP) -- Two big prostate cancer studies were intended to settle the question of whether screening for the disease really does save lives. Now the long-awaited results are in - but the debate goes on.
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Lab-on-a-chip homes in on how cancer cells break free

Johns Hopkins engineers have invented a method that could be used to help figure out how cancer cells break free from neighboring tissue, an "escape" that can spread the disease to other parts of the body. The new lab-on-a-chip, described in the March issue of the journal Nature Methods, could lead to better cancer therapies.
Full article >>

Frankincense oil -- a wise man's remedy for bladder cancer

Originating from Africa, India, and the Middle East, frankincense oil has been found to have many medicinal benefits. Now, an enriched extract of the Somalian Frankincense herb Boswellia carteri has been shown to kill off bladder cancer cells. Research presented in the open access journal, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, demonstrates that this herb has the potential for an alternative therapy for bladder cancer.
Full article >>

Study finds biological clue in brain tumour development

(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at The University of Nottingham have uncovered a vital new biological clue that could lead to more effective treatments for a children's brain tumour that currently kills more than 60 per cent of young sufferers.
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Green tea and mushrooms cut breast cancer risk: study

Chinese women who ate mushrooms and drank green tea significantly cut their risk of breast cancer and the severity of the cancer in those who did develop it, an Australian researcher said Wednesday.
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Prostate Cancer Screening Exams Not Necessary for Some Men (w/Video)

The prostate cancer screening tests that have become an annual ritual for many men don't appear to reduce deaths from the disease among those with a limited life-expectancy, according to early results of a major U.S. study involving 75,000 men.
Full article >>

Tiny Samples Could Yield Big Predictive Markers For Pancreatic Cancer

A handful of proteins, detected in incredibly tiny amounts, may help doctors distinguish between a harmless lesion in the pancreas and a potentially deadly one. If confirmed, these biomarkers could represent reliable indicators of pancreatic cancer or precancerous pancreatic lesions, which would allow for earlier, perhaps more successful, treatments.
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How Cancer Cells Become More 'Gloopy' As They Die

The viscosity, or "gloopiness," of different parts of cancer cells increases dramatically when they are blasted with light-activated cancer drugs, according to new images.
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Master Molecular Switch May Prevent The Spread Of Cancer Cells To Distant Sites In The Body

Researchers identified a switch that might prevent cancer cells from metastasizing from a primary tumor to other organs. The switch is a protein that, when in the "on" position, maintains the normal character of cells that line the surface of organs and body cavities. These epithelial cells are the type of cell from which most solid tumors arise. When the switch is turned "off" or absent, the cells can move away from the primary tumor.
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Genetic Abnormality May Increase Risk Of Blood Disorders

Researchers have shown for the first time that a tendency to develop some blood disorders may be inherited. Their research identifies a common genetic sequence abnormality that enhances the likelihood of acquiring a mutation in a gene linked to certain blood diseases.
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New tumor markers determine therapy intensity

Characteristic changes in the DNA of medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor in childhood, indicate precisely how aggressively the tumor will continue to spread and what the chances of disease relapse are. Researchers at the Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Heidelberg University Hospital and the German Cancer Research Center have discovered this correlation. With this new set of tumor markers, the intensity of treatment can be adjusted individually and the potentially damaging effects reduced. The results have now been published online in the prestigious Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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New Staging Technique Might Save Bladders In Some Bladder Cancer Patients

Pathologists reported encouraging results from a new tumor staging technique that could reduce the need to remove bladders from some patients.
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Cancerous Kidney Removed Through The Naval

Physicians have removed a kidney from a woman diagnosed with kidney cancer, through a single opening. This is the first operation of this type carried out in Spain and one of very few performed throughout the world. Recovery time is reduced by half and the surgical results are far better than those of conventional laparoscopy.
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MicroRNA-based Diagnostic Identifies Squamous Lung Cancer With 96 Percent Sensitivity

A new study shows for the first time that a microRNA-based diagnostic test can objectively identify squamous lung cancer with 96 percent sensitivity.
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Selected men with low-risk prostate cancer have good clinical outcomes without immediate treatment

A multi-center study of prostate cancer patients appearing in today's Journal of Urology recommends that for some men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer, opting not to initially receive treatment can be safe if they are closely monitored.
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Obese women play cancer roulette

Obese women may be putting themselves at greater risk of breast cancer by not undergoing regular screening. According to new research by Dr. Nisa Maruthur and her team from The John Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, USA, seriously obese women are significantly less likely to say they have undergone a recent mammography than normal weight women, especially if they are white. Maruthur's findings are published online this week in Springer's Journal of General Internal Medicine.
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Master Molecular Switch May Prevent the Spread of Cancer Cells to Distant Sites in the Body

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have identified a master switch that might prevent cancer cells from metastasizing from a primary tumor to other organs. The switch is a protein that, when in the "on" position, maintains the normal character of cells that line the surface of organs and body cavities. These epithelial cells are the type of cell from which most solid tumors arise. However, when the switch is turned "off" or absent, epithelial cells acquire characteristics of another cell type, called mesenchymal cells, and gain the ability to migrate and move away from the primary tumor. The researchers report their findings in this month's issue of Molecular Cell.
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Obesity associated with worse outcomes after pancreatic cancer surgery

Obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 35 appear more likely to have cancer that has spread to their lymph nodes, lower rates of survival and higher rates of recurrence following surgery for pancreatic cancer, according to a report in the March issue of Archives of Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
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Freezing Kidney Cancer: Hot Treatment Should Be New Gold Standard For Destroying Small Tumors

Freezing kidney tumors -- using a safe minimally invasive interventional radiology treatment that kills the cancer 100 percent effectively without surgery -- should be the gold standard or first treatment option for all individuals with tumors that are 4 cm in size or smaller. And, this treatment -- interventional cryoablation -- is a viable option for people with larger tumors, according to two studies.
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Brain Tumor Treatment May Increase Number Of Cancer Stem-like Cells

A new study suggests that the standard treatment for a common brain tumor increases the aggressiveness of surviving cancer cells, possibly leaving patients more vulnerable to tumor recurrence. The research provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms that enable cancer stem-like cells to escape cytotoxic treatment and repopulate the tumor.
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How Stem Cells Develop Into Blood Cells

How messages sent within stem cells through a specific communication pathway can trigger the cells to specialize and become blood cells in humans has been discovered by scientists of the McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute.
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'Personalized' Genome Sequencing Reveals Coding Error In Gene For Inherited Pancreatic Cancer

Scientists have used "personalized genome" sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the disease. The discovery marks their first use of a genome scanning system to uncover suspect mutations in normal inherited genes.
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Doctor-patient Conversations At End Of Life Associated With Lower Medical Expenses

Few physicians are eager to discuss end-of-life care with their patients. Yet such conversations may result in better quality of life for patients and could lower national health-care expenditures for cancer care alone by tens of millions dollars each year, according to a new study.
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Surviving Lung Cancer

A growing trend in the field of radiation oncology doubles a person's chances of surviving early-stage lung cancer, while making treatments easier for patients to bear by cutting the sessions from 35 by conventional radiation to only a handful using a new technique called stereotactic body radiotherapy.
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A new measure for the malignancy of melanoma

Every tumor, starting from a size of a few millimeters, depends on a supply of nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, using special growth factors, it induces vascular wall cells of neighboring blood vessels to sprout new capillaries in order to get connected to the blood circulation.
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Transcriptional Factor SOX9 Renders Melanomas Sensitive To Retinoic Acid And Stops Tumor Growth

New research indicates that overexpression of the transcription factor SOX9 restores the sensitivity of mouse and human melanomas to the anticancer agent retinoic acid, thereby stopping tumor growth. The authors suggest that a combined therapeutic strategy, increasing the expression of SOX9 while simultaneously treating with RA, may provide new hope to effectively treat RA-resistant cancers such as melanoma.
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Human Vaccine Against Bird Flu Within Reach With New Discovery

A vaccine to protect humans from a bird flu pandemic is within reach after a new discovery. The discovery reveals how boosting T cell immunity could better protect humans from a bird flu pandemic.
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Breath Or Urine Analysis May Detect Cancer, Diabetes

A researcher is developing a device that will analyze breath or urine samples for volatile markers inside the body that indicate disease. These volatile markers, such as alkanes, acetones or nitric oxide, give doctors clues about what is happening inside the body and can be used as a diagnostic tool.
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New Genre Of Sugar-coated 'Quantum Dots' For Drug Delivery

Scientists in Switzerland are reporting an advance that could help tap the much-heralded potential of "quantum dots"-- nanocrystals that glow when exposed to ultraviolet light -- in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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New Soldier In War On Cancer: The Blind Mole Rat

If someone ever calls you a "dirty rat," consider it a compliment. A new discovery shows that cellular mechanisms used by the blind mole rat to survive the very low oxygen environment of its subterranean niche are the same as those that tumors use to thrive deep in our tissues.
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Many Terminally Ill Patients Feel Abandoned By Their Doctors

Terminally ill patients and their family caregivers often feel abandoned by their doctors and feel a sense of "unfinished business" with them, according to a new study.
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Iron induces death in tumor cells

Rapid growth of cancer cells and their frequent divisions have their price: Cancer cells need considerably more energy than healthy cells. Their metabolism runs at full speed and requires large amounts of micronutrients, particularly iron. However, high levels of iron in the cell lead to the production of extremely harmful free radicals. To protect itself from these, the cell inactivates free iron by binding it to what are called iron storage proteins.
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More evidence prostate tests overdiagnose cancer

(AP) -- As many as two of every five men whose prostate cancer was caught through a PSA screening test have tumors too slow-growing to ever be a threat, says a new study that raises more questions about the controversial tests.
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Cell pathway on overdrive prevents cancer response to dietary restriction

Whitehead Institute researchers have pinpointed a cellular pathway that determines whether cancerous tumors respond to dietary restriction during their development.
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Potential Therapeutic Target In Osteosarcoma Identified

A receptor known to be active in bone metastases, but previously unexplored in primary bone tumors, is a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma, investigators report in Cancer Research.
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Influenza A Becoming Increasingly Resistant To Drug Oseltamivir

Influenza A viruses (H1N1 subtype) that are resistant to the drug oseltamivir circulated widely in the US during the 2007-2008 influenza season, with an even higher prevalence of drug resistance during the current 2008-2009 influenza season, according to a new study.
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'Miraculous' Effects, Pain Relief Of Osteoplasty Shown For Those Suffering From Metastatic Bone Disease

Osteoplasty -- a highly effective minimally invasive procedure to treat the painful effects of metastatic bone disease by injecting bone cement to support weakened bones -- provides immediate and substantial pain relief, often presenting individuals who are suffering terribly with the miraculous so-called "Lazarus effect," according to researchers. Interventional radiologists often couple osteoplasty with heat or cold treatments to kill tumor nerves, if needed.
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Red Wine Vs. White? Both Equal Offenders In Breast-cancer Risk

The largest study of its kind to evaluate the effect of red versus white wine on breast cancer risk concludes that both are equal offenders when it comes to increasing breast cancer risk.
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DNA Differences May Influence Risk Of Hodgkin Disease

A new analysis has found that certain variations in genes that repair DNA can affect a person's risk of developing Hodgkin disease.
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MicroRNA-based Diagnostic Identifies Squamous Lung Cancer with 96% Sensitivity

A new study shows for the first time that a microRNA-based diagnostic test can objectively identify squamous lung cancer with 96% sensitivity, according to Harvey Pass, M.D. of the NYU Cancer Institute at NYU Langone Medical Center, one of the authors of the study published on-line ahead of print in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Colonoscopy: What to Expect When Your Doctor Wants an Inside Look

Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States with more than 140,000 cases diagnosed each year. It is also one of the most preventable cancers. Since March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, now is the perfect time to schedule that colonoscopy you`ve been putting off. To help calm your fears, Dale Burleson, M.D., colorectal surgeon on the medical staff at Baylor Medical Center at Frisco, explains the details of the test -- it`s not as scary as some people think.
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Rearrangements of multifunctional genes cause cancer in children and young people

A doctoral thesis presented at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, shows that three genes that lie behind a number of malignant tumour diseases are normally involved in several fundamental processes in the cell. This may be the reason that the tumours arise early in life and principally affect children and young people.
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Immune-based drug approved in Europe for pediatric cancer patients

The European Commission, which oversees legislation and regulation for the European Union, has approved a therapy for pediatric patients with non-metastatic, resectable osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. The approval is based on clinical studies led by researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and a national co-operative group.
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Gene Mutations That Cause Childhood Brain Cancer Identified

Researchers have discovered eight similar genes that, when mutated, appear to be responsible for medulloblastoma -- the most common of childhood brain cancers.
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Mutation of BRCA gene influences women's views of preventive mastectomy

Women whose cells harbor harmful mutations in the BRCA genes are likely to view preventive mastectomy as the best way to reduce their risk and fears of developing breast cancer, despite other, less drastic options available. That is the conclusion of a new study published in the April 1, 2009 issue of CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society. The study's findings could help physicians and other clinicians as they discuss test results with women who undergo BRCA gene testing.
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DNA differences may influence risk of Hodgkin disease

A new analysis has found that certain variations in genes that repair DNA can affect a person's risk of developing Hodgkin disease. Published in the April 1, 2009 issue of CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study indicates that differences in these genes should be further investigated to better understand individuals' susceptibility to this type of cancer.
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New staging technique might save bladders in some bladder cancer patients

Pathologists today reported encouraging results from a new technique to increase the accuracy of staging bladder cancer tumors that could reduce the need to remove bladders from some patients.
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Freezing kidney cancer: Hot treatment should be new gold standard for destroying small tumors

Freezing kidney tumors -using a safe minimally invasive interventional radiology treatment that kills the cancer 100 percent effectively without surgery -should be the gold standard or first treatment option for all individuals with tumors that are 4 centimeters in size or smaller. And, this treatment -interventional cryoablation -is a viable option for people with larger tumors, according to two studies presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology's 34th Annual Scientific Meeting.
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Red wine vs. white? It makes no difference when it comes to breast-cancer risk

The largest study of its kind to evaluate the effect of red versus white wine on breast-cancer risk concludes that both are equal offenders when it comes to increasing breast-cancer risk. The results of the study, led by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, were published in the March issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention.
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RNA interference toward MMP-2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer

The invasion or metastasis of pancreatic cancer has been known to be a complex process involving many molecular mechanisms, of which proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) exerted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was considered to be an essential step. Some data suggest that MMP-2 is involved in pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis, and a high level of MMP-2 has been found to correlate with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Therefore, inhibition of MMP-2 may be of great value in both preventing pancreatic cancer and blocking metastasis of established tumors.
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Take 2: What Protein And Where It Is Located Are Important For Drug Design

Drugs that target a single signaling pathway that drives tumor development and/or progression have been developed successfully to treat a few forms of cancer.
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Newly Discovered Gene Plays Vital Role In Cancer

Gene p53 protects against cancer and is usually described as the most important gene in cancer research. However, scientists have now shown that a previously unknown gene, Wrap53, controls the activity of p53. As the regulation mechanism is relatively unexplored, the study opens up new routes to solving the mystery of cancer.
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Glow, Little E. Coli: Making Luminous Bacteria

Researchers have discovered how to make a strain of E. coli glow under fluorescent light. The technique could eventually be used to track down all sorts of pathogens and even help in the fight against breast cancer.
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Protein Encourages Cell Growth And Migration In Prostate Cancer

Researchers have identified a protein, proepithelin, that appears to play a significant role in the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells, especially androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
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Brain tumors: New therapy surprisingly successful

The combination of two drugs produces a critical improvement in the treatment of certain brain tumours. This has been demonstrated by researchers at Bonn University working in co-operation with German and Swiss colleagues in a current study. They treated 39 patients who had been diagnosed with a so-called gliablastoma. The patients survived on average 23 months; with the standard therapy the mean would have been 14.6 months. Glioblastomas are the most aggressive and the commonest brain tumours. Left untreated, they prove fatal within just a few weeks. The study has been published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Drug combination may be effective against deadly melanoma, pilot study shows

By targeting and disabling a protein frequently found in melanoma tumors, doctors may be able to make the cancer more vulnerable to chemotherapy, according to early results of a clinical study conducted by researchers in the Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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Support for adjunctive vitamin C treatment in cancer

Serious flaws in a recent study, which concluded that high doses of vitamin C reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of cancer, are revealed in the current issue of Alternative and Complementary Therapies, a journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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Safe, Well-tolerated, And Effective Treatment For Metastatic Esophageal Cancer

Patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer face a dismal prognosis, as no effective standard chemotherapy exists. A research group in China investigated the efficacy, toxic reaction and survival period of Oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine in treatment of patients with in patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer, and assessed the efficacy, toxicity and survival of the combination therapy.
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Cancer Drugs: Study Sheds Light On Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Points To Limitations, Solutions

A new generation of cancer drugs designed to starve tumors of their blood supply -- called "angiogenesis inhibitors" -- succeeds at first, but then promotes more invasive cancer growth -- sometimes with a higher incidence of metastases, according to a new study in animals.
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Enhanced Skin Cancer Risk Linked To Defects In Cellular Aging Controls

Dysfunction of genetic "end caps," or telomeres, can lead to increased skin cancer risk and pigmentation.
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Two Or More Drinks A Day May Increase Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Men and women who consume two or more alcoholic drinks a day could increase their risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to a new study.
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New Technique For Cancer Screening

Current research suggests that a new technique to determine tumor methylation status can be used in archived tissue samples.
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Two Food Additives Have Previously Unrecognized Estrogen-like Effects

Scientists in Italy are reporting development and successful use of a fast new method to identify food additives that act as so-called "xenoestrogens" -- substances with estrogen-like effects that are stirring international health concerns. They used the method in a large-scale screening of additives that discovered two additives with previously unrecognized xenoestrogen effects. 
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Broccoli And Cabbage-based Drug Could Inhibit Melanoma

Compounds extracted from green vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage could be a potent drug against melanoma, according to cancer researchers. Tests on mice suggest that these compounds, when combined with selenium, target tumors more safely and effectively than conventional therapy.
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Immune Cells From Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Have Prematurely Aged Chromosomes

Telomeres are the structures that cap the ends of a cell's chromosomes. Their proper maintenance is important for preventing cancer and premature aging. White blood cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a deficiency in maintaining their telomeres, leading to the cells' premature aging and a loss of discriminatory power for the immune system.
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New research sheds light on how stem cells turn into blood cells

Researchers funded by the Canadian Cancer Society have discovered how certain messages that are carried within stem cells can trigger those cells to become blood cells. The findings are published online today in Cell Stem Cell.
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Brain tumor treatment may increase number of cancer stem-like cells

A new study suggests that the standard treatment for a common brain tumor increases the aggressiveness of surviving cancer cells, possibly leaving patients more vulnerable to tumor recurrence. The research, published by Cell Press in the March 6th issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms that enable cancer stem-like cells to escape cytotoxic treatment and repopulate the tumor.
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New York doctors testing heated chemo for rare cancer

Long Island cancer doctors have borrowed a page from medicine's past to write a new chapter on how to address a rare malignancy by infusing heated chemotherapy directly into the abdomen using a heart-lung machine.
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Patients Seeking Health News On Internet More Likely To Receive Latest Treatments

A new analysis finds that when colorectal cancer patients seek out health information from the Internet and news media, they are more likely to be aware of and receive the latest treatments for their disease. Patients who sought information about treatments for colorectal cancer were 2.83 times more likely to have heard about targeted therapies and 3.22 times more likely to have received targeted therapies than people who did not seek information.
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Gene Involved In Pancreatic Cancer Identified

Researchers have identified a gene that is overexpressed in 90 percent of pancreatic cancers, the most deadly type of cancer.
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Long-Term Use Of Nutrient Supplements May Increase Cancer Risk

Long-term use of beta carotene and some other carotenoid-containing dietary supplements may increase the risk of lung cancer, especially among smokers, according to a new study.
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New Type Of Vaccination Provides Instant Immunity To Two Types Of Cancer In Animal Model

Scientists have found a way to use specially programmed chemicals to elicit an immediate immune response in laboratory animals against two types of cancer.
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Two Food Additives Have Previously Unrecognized Estrogen-like Effects

Scientists in Italy are reporting development and successful use of a fast new method to identify food additives that act as so-called "xenoestrogens" -- substances with estrogen-like effects that are stirring international health concerns. They used the method in a large-scale screening of additives that discovered two additives with previously unrecognized xenoestrogen effects. 
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Cell Microenvironments Hold Key To Future Stem Cell Therapies

The ultimate fate of a stem or progenitor cell in a woman's breast -- whether the cell develops normally or whether it turns cancerous -- may depend upon signals from multiple microenvironments. New results suggest that modulations of microenvironmental signals are a promising pathway for future cancer and regenerative medicine therapies.
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PSA Levels Accurately Predict Prostate Cancer Risk In African-American Men, Study Finds

PSA levels appear to be more predictive of three year prostate cancer risk in African-American men compared with Caucasian men with a family history of prostate cancer, according to new research.
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Melanoma, a deadly skin cancer, is rising rapidly in the United States

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years, a new study reveals. Some experts have argued that the rising rates are merely a result of expanded screening, which catches small tumors that otherwise might go undetected. But the study by the Northern California Cancer Center in Fremont, Calif., casts doubt on this viewpoint.
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High blood pressure linked to earlier death among African-American breast cancer patients

A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco has shown that hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a predictor of mortality among breast cancer patients, especially those who are African-American, and that hypertension accounts for approximately 30 percent of the survival disparity between African-American and white breast cancer patients.
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Younger breast cancer patients have greater chance of recurrence

Breast cancer patients 35 years old and younger have higher rates of their cancer returning after treatment than older women patients with the same stage of cancer, and their risk of recurrence is greatly impacted by the type of treatment they received, according to a March 1 study in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, the official journal of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO).
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Surviving lung cancer: New technique boasts high cure rates, offers hope in place of surgery

Countless people have heard the phrase, "You have lung cancer," but only 50 can say they've completed a new treatment at Temple University that doubles their chances of surviving the deadly disease - and without the conventional radiation regimen or surgery. Doctors in the Radiation Oncology Department say the technique, stereotactic body radiotherapy, or SBRT, not only improves a person's odds of surviving early stage lung cancer, but may reduce the need for future surgeries.
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Is my chemo working? Scans may give faster answer

(AP) -- When Mike Stevens learned his lungs were riddled with cancer, it took only a week to start chemotherapy - but six weeks to find out if it was doing any good.
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Skin Moles May Indicate Higher Eye Melanoma Risk

It is well known that people with light skin and numerous moles and freckles -- which develop when skin is over-exposed to UV light -- are at higher risk for skin cancer (cutaneous melanoma). But the evidence was less clear on whether moles and freckles also indicate a higher risk of uveal melanoma, cancer of the eye's iris, ciliary body, or choroid.
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Optical Techniques Show Continued Promise In Detecting Pancreatic Cancer

Optical technology has been shown to be effective in detecting the presence of pancreatic cancer through analysis of neighboring tissue in the duodenum. The promising new technology uses novel light-scattering techniques to analyze extremely subtle changes in the duodenum's cells. Cells that appear normal using traditional microscopy techniques do show signs of abnormality when examined using the new technique, which provides cell analysis on the much smaller nanoscale.
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Two or more drinks a day may increase pancreatic cancer risk

Men and women who consume two or more alcoholic drinks a day could increase their risk of developing pancreatic cancer, according to a study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
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Researchers ID gene involved in pancreatic cancer

Researchers from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a gene that is overexpressed in 90 percent of pancreatic cancers, the most deadly type of cancer.
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Study sheds light on angiogenesis inhibitors, points to limitations, solutions

A new generation of cancer drugs designed to starve tumors of their blood supply - called "angiogenesis inhibitors"--succeeds at first, but then promotes more invasive cancer growth -sometimes with a higher incidence of metastases, according to a new study in animals. The research clarifies similar findings in other animal studies and is consistent with some early evidence from a small number of clinical trials with cancer patients.
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Optical techniques show continued promise in detecting pancreatic cancer

Optical technology developed by a Northwestern University professor of biomedical engineering has been shown to be effective in detecting the presence of pancreatic cancer through analysis of neighboring tissue in the duodenum, according to clinical trial results published in the journal Disease Markers.
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Drinking wine lowers risk of Barrett's esophagus, precursor to esophageal cancer

Drinking one glass of wine a day may lower the risk of Barrett's Esophagus by 56 percent, according to a new study by the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research in the March issue of Gastroenterology. Barrett's Esophagus is a precursor to esophageal cancer, the nation's fastest growing cancer with an incidence rate that's jumped 500 percent in the last 30 years.
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Thyroid Surgery Performed Without Neck Incision, Scar

Surgeons have performed robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery to remove the thyroid gland without an incision or scar on the patient's neck.
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Concerns Over Minimally Invasive Surgery For Breast Cancer

Minimally invasive breast surgery may be trading better cosmetic outcomes for worse rates of cure, warns a senior doctor.
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Yoga Provides Emotional Benefits To Women With Breast Cancer

Women undertaking a ten week program of 75 minute Restorative Yoga classes gained positive differences in aspects of mental health such as depression, positive emotions, and spirituality (feeling calm/peaceful) compared to the control group. The study shows the women had a 50 percent reduction in depression and a 12 percent increase in feelings of peace and meaning after the yoga sessions.
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Vegetable-based drug could inhibit melanoma

Compounds extracted from green vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage could be a potent drug against melanoma, according to cancer researchers. Tests on mice suggest that these compounds, when combined with selenium, target tumors more safely and effectively than conventional therapy.
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